The study done by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) shows that Dudhwa-Pilibhit population has high conservation value as it represents the only tiger population with the ecological and behavioral adaptations of the tiger unique to the Tarai region.

It is home to a habitat for over 127 animals, 326 bird species and 2,100 flowering plants. It is a mosaic of high sal forests, plantation and grasslands with several water bodies. The jungles are home to a myriad of wild animals including the endangered tiger, swamp deer, Bengal florican, hog deer, leopard, etc. The large carnivores are supported by a very large prey base consisting of cheetal, sambar, wild boar, hog deer, swamp deer, blue bull, etc. The bird life is very rich and diverse and hundreds of species of birds can be seen round. The Chuka Interpretation Zones with nature interpretation center, cottages & edge of huge water body is unique & very popular with visitors. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is 45th tiger reserve project in India. It is located in Pilibhit District, Lakhimpur Kheri District and Bahraich District in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is covered under Project Tiger since 2008. The place is famous for its diversified ecosystems. The Terai area includes vast and open spaces of land and many water bodies. While the northern area of reserve touches the Indo-Nepal border, the southern edge is connected to Khakhra and Sharda river.

The jungles in the reserve serve as natural home to more than 127 species of animals, 326 bird species and 2100 of the flower plants. Forests mainly include Sal and ecosystems provide food to elephant predators. There is a myriad of wild animals found in the reserve. For instance, endangered wild animals like tiger, swamp deer and blue bull. As far as bird species are concerned, there are more than 1300 birds found here including species like jungle babbler, fish owl, snack bird, hornbill, pea fowl, serpent eagle, black neck stork etc. One can hear an echoing sound of animals like spotted deer that warns other animals regarding arrival of Tiger. Several endangered species of animals also find a home at the reserve and consist of animals like pangolin, Bengal Florican, vulture, sloth deer etc.

The area of Pilibhit Tiger Reserve has a dry and hot climate which brings a combination of dry teak forest and Vindhya mountain soils. The major forest types found here include open woodlands, grasslands and riverines covered with thorny woodlands and tall grass. The dry deciduous forests of the area exhibit lush green color in monsoons while in summers, they undergo a dynamic change and turn to desolate grey shade. The specific flora found in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is Tectona Grandis, Buchnania latifolia, Anogeissus pendula, Madhuca indica etc.

The park boasts of an outstanding variety of wildlife creatures in India especially mammals including royal tigers, leopard, wild dogs, wolf, hyena and small cats. One can also see largest Indian deers i.e sambar, nilgai, chital, chousingha and chinkara in the vicinity. As far as bird species is concerned, there are about 200 avifauna found in the area. Main species consist of bareheaded goose, blossom headed parakeet, white necked stork, honey buzzard, king vulture, paradise flycatcher, slaty headed and scimitar babbler.Pilibhit Tiger reserve also boasts of many reptiles like snakes and pythons in the surroundings.